Ayurveda treatment of Epilepsy by prescribing illness specific medicinal herbs and dietary recommendations:

Epilepsy, known as “Apasmara” in Ayurveda, is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. Ayurveda, the ancient Indian system of medicine, offers a holistic perspective on epilepsy, understanding it as a manifestation of underlying imbalances in the doshas, specifically Vata dosha. According to Ayurvedic principles, the nervous system is governed by Vata, and any disruption in its balance can lead to neurological disorders, including epilepsy.

In Ayurveda, the causative factors of epilepsy are categorized into two main groups: those related to the person (Adhija) and those related to external influences (Agantuja). Adhija factors include genetic predisposition, disturbances during fetal development, and imbalances in the individual’s constitution (Prakriti). Agantuja factors encompass external influences such as head injuries, infections, toxins, and emotional stressors that can trigger or aggravate epileptic episodes.

The classical Ayurvedic texts describe various types of seizures based on the predominant dosha involved. Vata-dominant seizures are characterized by sudden, erratic movements, Pitta-dominant seizures may involve intense emotions or aggression, and Kapha-dominant seizures may manifest as a loss of consciousness with lethargy and heaviness.

Ayurvedic diagnosis of epilepsy involves a thorough examination of the patient’s medical history, lifestyle, and a detailed assessment of doshic imbalances. Pulse diagnosis (Nadi Pariksha) and examination of the tongue, eyes, and overall physical constitution help in determining the specific doshic involvement and devising a personalized treatment plan.

The primary goal of Ayurvedic treatment for epilepsy is to balance Vata dosha, strengthen the nervous system, and address the root causes of the disorder. Herbal formulations play a significant role in this approach. Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri), Shankhpushpi (Convolvulus pluricaulis), and Jatamansi (Nardostachys jatamansi) are among the herbs commonly used for their neuroprotective and calming properties.

One of the key therapeutic modalities in Ayurveda for managing epilepsy is Panchakarma, a set of detoxification procedures. Virechana (therapeutic purgation) and Nasya (nasal administration of medicated oils) help eliminate toxins from the body and balance Vata dosha. Shirodhara, a therapeutic procedure involving a continuous stream of warm oil on the forehead, is beneficial for calming the mind and reducing stress.

Dietary modifications are crucial in Ayurvedic epilepsy management. A Vata-pacifying diet, including warm, nourishing foods and regular meals, helps stabilize Vata dosha. Foods such as ghee, milk, and sesame oil are considered beneficial. Additionally, the avoidance of Vata-aggravating factors such as excessive fasting, irregular sleep patterns, and exposure to cold and windy environments is recommended.

Ayurveda also emphasizes lifestyle modifications for individuals with epilepsy. Establishing a regular daily routine (Dinacharya) and incorporating stress-reducing practices like meditation and pranayama are essential. Adequate sleep and the avoidance of emotional stressors contribute to overall well-being and help manage epileptic episodes.

While Ayurveda provides a holistic framework for managing epilepsy, it is important for individuals with epilepsy to work collaboratively with qualified healthcare professionals. Ayurvedic interventions can complement conventional medical treatments, and any modifications to the treatment plan should be discussed with both Ayurvedic practitioners and allopathic physicians. The integration of Ayurveda into epilepsy management aims not only to control symptoms but also to address the underlying imbalances, promoting a balanced and healthy life for individuals affected by this condition.

Ayurveda offers various home remedies that may complement conventional treatments for epilepsy or “Apasmara.” It’s important to note that these remedies should be considered as supportive measures, and individuals with epilepsy should consult with their healthcare providers before incorporating any new practices.

Here are accountable Ayurvedic home remedies for epilepsy:

1. Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri) Powder:

   • Brahmi is renowned for its neuroprotective properties. Taking a small amount of Brahmi powder with honey or warm water daily is believed to support the nervous system and cognitive functions.

2. Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) Milk Decoction:

   • Ashwagandha, an adaptogenic herb, is known for its calming effects on the nervous system. Boil a teaspoon of Ashwagandha powder in a cup of milk, add a bit of honey, and consume this decoction before bedtime for its relaxing benefits.

3. Shankhpushpi (Convolvulus pluricaulis) Tea:

   • Shankhpushpi is traditionally used for its calming effects on the mind. Prepare a tea by boiling Shankhpushpi leaves or powder in water. Strain and drink this tea to promote relaxation.

4. Jatamansi (Nardostachys jatamansi) Oil Massage:

   • Jatamansi oil massage on the scalp is believed to have a calming influence on the nervous system. Gently massage the scalp with Jatamansi-infused oil and leave it on for some time before washing it off.

5. Aromatherapy with Lavender Oil:

   • Inhaling the aroma of lavender oil is thought to have a calming effect. Place a few drops of lavender oil on a cotton ball or use an essential oil diffuser in the room to create a relaxing environment.

6. Ghee (Clarified Butter) Consumption:

   • Consuming a small amount of pure ghee, especially before meals, is considered beneficial for balancing Vata dosha and supporting the nervous system.

7. Almond Milk with Saffron:

   • Soak a few almonds overnight, peel them, and blend them with milk. Add a pinch of saffron to the almond milk. Consuming this preparation is believed to nourish the brain and support neurological health.

8. Chandan (Sandalwood) Paste:

   • Applying a paste of sandalwood on the forehead may have a cooling and calming effect. Mix sandalwood powder with water or rose water to create a paste and apply it to the forehead.

9. Tulsi (Holy Basil) Tea:

   • Tulsi is known for its adaptogenic and anti-stress properties. Prepare a tea by boiling fresh Tulsi leaves or using Tulsi powder. Drinking Tulsi tea may help in managing stress and promoting overall well-being.

10. Yoga and Pranayama:

    • Regular practice of yoga postures and pranayama (breath control exercises) can contribute to stress reduction and relaxation. Specific asanas like Shavasana (Corpse Pose) and Bhramari Pranayama are often recommended.

11. Balanced Diet:

    • Adopting a balanced diet that includes fresh fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins supports overall health. Avoiding excessive intake of stimulants like caffeine and maintaining regular meal times can help stabilize Vata dosha.

12. Vata-Pacifying Lifestyle:

    • Individuals with epilepsy are advised to follow a Vata-pacifying lifestyle, including maintaining regular sleep patterns, avoiding excessive physical or mental exertion, and incorporating activities that promote relaxation.

It’s crucial to remember that these home remedies are intended to complement conventional medical treatments, not replace them. Individuals with epilepsy should work closely with healthcare professionals to create a comprehensive and personalized treatment plan. Ayurvedic remedies may vary based on an individual’s constitution and specific doshic imbalances, so consulting with an Ayurvedic practitioner is recommended for personalized guidance.

Causes of Epilepsy disease in ayurveda:

In Ayurveda, epilepsy, known as “Apasmara,” is believed to result from imbalances in the doshas, primarily Vata dosha. The causes of epilepsy are multifaceted and involve factors related to both the individual (Adhija) and external influences (Agantuja). Understanding the underlying causes is crucial for formulating an effective treatment plan. Here are the detailed causes of epilepsy in Ayurveda:

1. Adhija Causes (Related to the Person):

   • Genetic Predisposition (Anubandha): Ayurveda acknowledges the role of genetic factors in the manifestation of certain health conditions, including epilepsy. Individuals with a family history of epilepsy may have a predisposition to the disorder.

   • Imbalances in Doshas (Dosha Vaishamya): The primary cause of epilepsy is considered to be an imbalance in Vata dosha, which governs the nervous system. Excess Vata disrupts the normal functioning of the brain, leading to seizures.

   • Disturbances during Fetal Development (Garbhasaya Dosha): In some cases, imbalances or disturbances during fetal development may contribute to the susceptibility to epilepsy later in life. This includes factors such as maternal diet, lifestyle, and environmental influences during pregnancy.

   • Impaired Agni (Digestive Fire): Weak digestive fire (Mandagni) can lead to the formation of undigested toxins (Ama), which, when transported to the brain, can disturb the normal functions and contribute to epilepsy.

   • Previous Head Injuries (Sirasula): Trauma to the head, especially injuries affecting the brain or skull, can disrupt the delicate balance of doshas and lead to the manifestation of epilepsy.

   • Excessive Mental Stress (Manasa Dosha): Chronic mental stress, anxiety, and emotional disturbances can aggravate Vata dosha, affecting the nervous system and increasing the risk of epileptic episodes.

2. Agantuja Causes (External Influences):

   • Toxins and Environmental Factors (Aoushadha Sevana, Paristhiti): Exposure to environmental toxins, pollutants, and unhealthy living conditions can contribute to the accumulation of toxins in the body, impacting the nervous system and triggering epilepsy.

   • Infections and Fever (Jwara): Infections, particularly those affecting the central nervous system, can disturb the doshic balance and contribute to the development of epilepsy. High fever, if left untreated, may also be a contributing factor.

   • Dehydration (Trishna): Chronic dehydration can aggravate Vata dosha, leading to imbalances in the nervous system. In Ayurveda, proper hydration is considered essential for maintaining overall health.

   • Irregular Lifestyle and Sleep Patterns (Vihara Dosha, Nidra Dosha): Irregular daily routines, including sleep disturbances and erratic lifestyle habits, can disrupt the balance of doshas and contribute to the development of epilepsy.

   • Excessive Intake of Stimulants (Utkranti): Ayurveda emphasizes the impact of excessive intake of stimulants like caffeine and tobacco, which can aggravate Vata dosha and affect the nervous system.

   • Traumatic Experiences (Abhighata): Physical or emotional trauma, including accidents, violence, or sudden shocks, can disturb the doshic equilibrium and trigger epileptic episodes.

   • Excessive Physical Strain (Vyayama Atiyoga): Overexertion, especially excessive physical strain without adequate rest, can aggravate Vata dosha and contribute to the manifestation of epilepsy.

Ayurvedic diagnosis of epilepsy involves a detailed assessment of the individual’s overall health, doshic constitution (Prakriti), and specific symptoms. Treatment in Ayurveda focuses on balancing the doshas, strengthening the nervous system, and addressing the root causes of the disorder. Individuals experiencing symptoms of epilepsy should seek guidance from qualified healthcare professionals who can provide a comprehensive approach to diagnosis and management, integrating both Ayurvedic and conventional perspectives.

Illness specific medicinal herbs used in preparing ayurveda medications for treatment of Epilepsy disease are as follows:

Ayurveda utilizes various medicinal plants with neuroprotective, anticonvulsant, and calming properties to support the management of epilepsy or “Apasmara.” These plants are chosen based on their ability to balance Vata dosha, strengthen the nervous system, and address the underlying causes of seizures. Here are some names of medicinal plants commonly used in Ayurveda for epilepsy:

1. Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera):

   • Ashwagandha is an adaptogenic herb with neuroprotective properties. It is known for its ability to reduce stress, support the nervous system, and enhance overall well-being.

2. Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri):

   • Brahmi is a renowned Ayurvedic herb for enhancing cognitive functions and promoting nervous system health. It may help in reducing the frequency and intensity of seizures.

3. Shankhpushpi (Convolvulus pluricaulis):

   • Shankhpushpi is traditionally used in Ayurveda to calm the mind, reduce stress, and improve memory. It is considered beneficial in managing conditions related to the nervous system, including epilepsy.

4. Jatamansi (Nardostachys jatamansi):

   • Jatamansi has calming and anticonvulsant properties. It is used to stabilize Vata dosha, reduce anxiety, and support the nervous system in conditions like epilepsy.

5. Vacha (Acorus calamus):

   • Vacha is known for its neuroprotective and antispasmodic properties. It is used to enhance memory, reduce seizures, and support overall neurological health.

6. Tagara (Valeriana wallichii):

   • Tagara is traditionally used for its sedative and calming effects. It may help in reducing stress, anxiety, and promoting relaxation in individuals with epilepsy.

7. Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia):

   • Guduchi is an immunomodulatory herb with anti-inflammatory properties. It is used to support overall health, reduce inflammation, and strengthen the immune system in individuals with epilepsy.

8. Amla (Emblica officinalis):

   • Amla, or Indian Gooseberry, is rich in antioxidants and vitamin C. It supports overall health and may contribute to the well-being of individuals with epilepsy.

9. Haritaki (Terminalia chebula):

   • Haritaki, one of the components of Triphala, has neuroprotective and antioxidant properties. It aids in digestion, detoxification, and supports overall health.

10. Bhringaraja (Eclipta alba):

    • Bhringaraja is traditionally used in Ayurveda for its neuroprotective effects. It is believed to strengthen the nervous system and support cognitive functions.

11. Mandukaparni (Centella asiatica):

    • Mandukaparni, also known as Gotu Kola, is used for its cognitive-enhancing properties. It may help improve memory and concentration in individuals with epilepsy.

12. Shatavari (Asparagus racemosus):

    • Shatavari is an adaptogenic herb known for its rejuvenating properties. It may help reduce stress and support the overall well-being of individuals with epilepsy.

13. Vidanga (Embelia ribes):

    • Vidanga has anticonvulsant properties and is used to manage conditions related to the nervous system. It may contribute to reducing seizures in individuals with epilepsy.

14. Kutki (Picrorhiza kurroa):

    • Kutki is known for its anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective properties. It may be used in epilepsy management to address underlying imbalances and support overall health.

15. Aloe Vera (Aloe barbadensis miller):

    • Aloe Vera is valued for its neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties. It may contribute to reducing inflammation and supporting the nervous system in individuals with epilepsy.

It’s important to note that the usage and dosage of these medicinal plants should be guided by a qualified Ayurvedic practitioner based on an individual’s constitution, specific symptoms, and overall health condition. Integrating these herbs into a holistic treatment plan may provide supportive benefits for individuals managing epilepsy.

Over the counter ayurveda medications prescribed for Epilepsy disease

• Ashwagandha ghritam
• Mahamasha taila
• Mahanarayan taila
• Guggulutiktham ghritam
• Rasnadi churna
• Kolakulatthadi churna
• Brihat Chagaladya ghritam
• Gandharvahastadi Eranda Tailam
• Indukantham Ghritam
• Sukumara lehyam
• Triphala churnam
• Trivrit leha

Ayurvedic medications for epilepsy, known as “Apasmara,” are carefully chosen to balance doshas, strengthen the nervous system, and address the root causes of seizures. Ayurvedic formulations often include a combination of herbs, minerals, and other natural ingredients. It’s important to note that the usage and dosage of these medications should be determined by a qualified Ayurvedic practitioner based on an individual’s constitution and specific symptoms. Here are some names of Ayurvedic medications commonly used in the management of epilepsy:

1. Mahakalyanaka Ghrita:

   • Mahakalyanaka Ghrita is a traditional Ayurvedic medicated ghee formulation containing herbs like Brahmi, Shatavari, and Jatamansi. It is believed to have neuroprotective properties and is used to support the nervous system.

2. Saraswatarishta:

   • Saraswatarishta is a liquid Ayurvedic preparation that includes herbs like Brahmi, Shankhpushpi, and Vacha. It is commonly used to enhance cognitive functions, promote mental clarity, and support overall nervous system health.

3. Vidangarishta:

   • Vidangarishta is an Ayurvedic fermented liquid preparation containing Vidanga and other herbs. It may be used for its anticonvulsant properties to manage conditions related to the nervous system, including epilepsy.

4. Yogendra Rasa:

   • Yogendra Rasa is a classical Ayurvedic herbo-mineral formulation that includes ingredients like Suta (purified mercury), Shuddha Gandhaka (purified sulfur), and Vanga Bhasma (tin calx). It is used for its neuroprotective effects.

5. Maha Vata Vidhwansa Rasa:

   • Maha Vata Vidhwansa Rasa is an Ayurvedic herbo-mineral formulation containing Vata-balancing herbs and minerals. It is believed to have antispasmodic and nerve-strengthening properties.

6. Ekangaveera Rasa:

   • Ekangaveera Rasa is a herbo-mineral formulation that includes ingredients like Tamra Bhasma (copper calx), Gandhaka (sulfur), and Vanga Bhasma. It is used for its potential anticonvulsant effects.

7. Jatamayadi Choorna:

   • Jatamayadi Choorna is a herbal powder containing Jatamansi, Brahmi, and other Vata-pacifying herbs. It may be used in Ayurveda for its calming and neuroprotective properties.

8. Maha Kalyanaka Ghrita:

   • Maha Kalyanaka Ghrita is a medicated ghee formulation containing herbs like Bala, Shatavari, and Ashwagandha. It is used to support overall health and balance doshas, particularly Vata.

9. Brahma Rasayana:

   • Brahma Rasayana is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation that includes herbs like Amalaki, Haritaki, and Vacha. It is used for its rejuvenating and nervine tonic properties.

10. Chandraprabha Vati:

    • Chandraprabha Vati is an Ayurvedic herbal tablet containing ingredients like Guggulu, Shilajit, and Musta. While it is often used for various conditions, it may also be employed to balance doshas and support overall well-being.

11. Sarpgandha Ghana Vati:

    • Sarpgandha Ghana Vati is a tablet formulation containing Sarpagandha (Indian Snakeroot). It is traditionally used to manage conditions related to the nervous system, including epilepsy.

12. Shirodhara Taila:

    • Shirodhara Taila is an Ayurvedic oil used in Shirodhara therapy, where a continuous stream of warm oil is poured onto the forehead. This therapy is believed to have a calming effect on the nervous system.

It is crucial to emphasize that the use of these medications should be done under the guidance of a qualified Ayurvedic practitioner. Ayurvedic treatments are individualized, and the choice of medications depends on the specific doshic imbalances, symptoms, and overall health of the individual. Additionally, individuals with epilepsy should work collaboratively with both Ayurvedic practitioners and conventional healthcare professionals for a comprehensive and integrated approach to their care.

Here are the types of treatment used in epilepsy at Nakra Ayurveda Hospitals and Herbals Pvt Ltd:

Ayurveda, the ancient system of medicine, offers a holistic approach to the treatment of epilepsy or “Apasmara.” The therapeutic strategies aim to balance the doshas, strengthen the nervous system, and address the root causes of seizures. Ayurvedic treatments for epilepsy are tailored to the individual’s constitution, specific symptoms, and overall health.

1. Panchakarma Therapy:
   • Virechana (Therapeutic Purgation): Virechana involves the administration of purgative substances to eliminate excess Pitta and toxins from the body. It helps in balancing doshas and purifying the system.
   • Nasya (Nasal Administration): Nasya involves the administration of medicated oils or herbal powders through the nasal passages. This therapy is believed to have a direct effect on the brain and nervous system.
   • Shirodhara (Oil Pouring on the Forehead): Shirodhara is a therapeutic procedure where a continuous stream of warm oil is poured onto the forehead. It is known for its calming effects on the nervous system.
   • Basti (Medicated Enema): Basti therapy involves the administration of medicated enemas to balance Vata dosha and remove accumulated toxins from the colon. It supports overall detoxification.
2. Herbal Medications (Aushadha Chikitsa):
   • Nervine Tonics: Herbal formulations containing Brahmi, Ashwagandha, Jatamansi, and Shankhpushpi are commonly used to strengthen the nervous system and reduce the frequency of seizures.
   • Antispasmodic Formulations: Ayurvedic medications with antispasmodic properties, such as Ekangaveera Rasa and Maha Vata Vidhwansa Rasa, may be prescribed to control spasms and convulsions.
   • Medicated Ghee (Ghrita): Ghee formulations like Mahakalyanaka Ghrita and Maha Kalyanaka Ghrita are used to balance doshas, nourish the brain, and support overall neurological health.
3. Dietary Modifications (Ahara Chikitsa):
   • Vata-Pacifying Diet: Individuals with epilepsy are often advised to follow a Vata-pacifying diet. This includes warm, nourishing foods and the avoidance of Vata-aggravating factors like raw vegetables and excessive dryness.
   • Fasting (Langhana): Periodic fasting, under the guidance of a qualified Ayurvedic practitioner, may be recommended for detoxification and to balance doshas.
4. Lifestyle Modifications (Vihara Chikitsa):
   • Daily Routine (Dinacharya): Establishing a regular daily routine is emphasized to maintain balance in the doshas. Consistent sleep patterns, meal times, and daily activities contribute to overall well-being.
   • Stress Management: Practices such as meditation, pranayama (breath control), and yoga are recommended to manage stress, reduce anxiety, and promote mental tranquility.
   • Avoidance of Triggers: Individuals with epilepsy are advised to avoid triggers such as excessive physical or mental exertion, irregular sleep patterns, and exposure to stress.
5. Yoga and Pranayama:
   • Bhramari Pranayama: Bhramari, or the “bee breath,” involves inhaling deeply and producing a humming sound during exhalation. This practice is believed to have a calming effect on the mind.
   • Nadi Shodhana (Alternate Nostril Breathing): Nadi Shodhana helps balance the flow of energy in the body, promoting relaxation and reducing stress, which can be beneficial for individuals with epilepsy.
6. Meditation and Relaxation Techniques:
   • Mindfulness Meditation: Mindfulness practices help individuals develop awareness and control over their thoughts, emotions, and reactions, contributing to stress reduction.
   • Shavasana (Corpse Pose): Shavasana, a yoga pose involving complete relaxation, is often recommended to calm the nervous system and promote mental tranquility.
7. Individualized Treatment Plans (Chikitsa Vyavastha):
   • Ayurvedic practitioners create personalized treatment plans based on the individual’s doshic imbalances, symptoms, and overall health. Adjustments are made as needed to address specific concerns and optimize treatment outcomes.

It is crucial for individuals with epilepsy to work collaboratively with qualified Ayurvedic practitioners and conventional healthcare professionals. Ayurvedic treatments are holistic and individualized, focusing on addressing the root causes of the condition while promoting overall well-being. Regular follow-up consultations and an integrated approach to care contribute to the comprehensive management of epilepsy in Ayurveda.

Epilepsy treatment in Ayurveda is a nuanced and holistic process that seeks to address the underlying imbalances in the body and mind, recognizing the individual’s unique constitution. The journey begins with a thorough examination by a skilled Ayurvedic practitioner who delves into the patient’s doshic constitution (Prakriti), current imbalances (Vikriti), and the specific symptoms associated with epilepsy. This comprehensive assessment forms the foundation for a personalized treatment plan, acknowledging that each person’s journey with epilepsy is distinct. The Ayurvedic perspective attributes epilepsy to an aggravation of Vata dosha, particularly affecting the nervous system. However, this is not a one-size-fits-all approach, as the doshic interplay is intricately woven into an individual’s health tapestry.

The treatment process unfolds with the incorporation of Panchakarma therapies, a set of five therapeutic procedures designed to purify and balance the body. Virechana, or therapeutic purgation, and Nasya, nasal administration, are particularly relevant in epilepsy management. These Panchakarma therapies aim to eliminate accumulated toxins and excess doshas, especially from the gastrointestinal and nasal passages, where Vata often manifests. This cleansing process sets the stage for the body to regain equilibrium.

Herbal medications, an integral component of Ayurvedic treatment, play a pivotal role in addressing epilepsy. Nervine tonics, including Brahmi, Ashwagandha, Jatamansi, and Shankhpushpi, are frequently employed to strengthen the nervous system, enhance cognitive functions, and reduce the frequency of seizures. These herbs are carefully chosen for their neuroprotective properties, aiming to provide holistic support to the intricate network of the nervous system. Additionally, antispasmodic formulations containing herbo-mineral compounds may be prescribed to control spasms and convulsions, addressing the physical manifestations of epilepsy.

Dietary modifications are implemented to pacify Vata dosha and foster overall well-being. A Vata-pacifying diet, consisting of warm, nourishing foods, is recommended. This dietary approach aims to counterbalance the inherent qualities of Vata, promoting stability and grounding. Avoiding Vata-aggravating factors, such as raw vegetables and excessive dryness, is crucial. Periodic fasting, under the guidance of a qualified practitioner, may also be integrated into the treatment plan to facilitate detoxification and rejuvenation.

Lifestyle modifications form an integral part of epilepsy treatment in Ayurveda. Establishing a regular daily routine, or Dinacharya, is emphasized to maintain balance in the doshas. Stress management techniques, including meditation and yoga, are prescribed to alleviate mental stressors and promote a calm, centered mind. Mindfulness practices and relaxation techniques contribute to an overall sense of well-being.

In summary, the process of epilepsy treatment in Ayurveda is a holistic and individualized journey. It encompasses Panchakarma therapies for detoxification, carefully curated herbal medications to address neuroprotective needs, dietary modifications to balance doshas, and lifestyle adjustments to promote overall well-being. The synergy of these elements forms a comprehensive approach that goes beyond symptom management, aiming to restore harmony to the body, mind, and spirit.